A solar electrical system, or photovoltaic system is designed to interconnect with existing utility services. The solar cells in the roof mounted modules convert sunlight directly into DC power. Then the power is inverted, converting it from DC to AC power.
During the day, if the solar system produces more electricity than is being used, some utility companies may allow “net metering” or selling back energy to the utility company. When energy usage exceeds the power provided by the solar modules, the utility company provides energy to the residence or business.
Some systems include a battery backup. The power generated in the day is partially stored in battery systems, which help power the residence or business when energy demands exceed the load that the solar modules can produce, as well as at night or during a power outage. Only systems with backup battery will be able to function in the case of an outage. Without the battery, no power will be generated during an outage even on a sunny day.
Photovoltaic systems cannot be used to heat a residence or business. There are other solar technologies for this purpose.
The terms “on-grid,” “grid-connected,” or “grid-tied” mean connected to the utility electrical grid. “Off-grid” systems are not connected to the utility electrical grid. Off grid systems can provide power on a sunny day during an outage.
Maintenance on solar modules are minimal. They contain no moving parts and are made of inert materials, or materials that are passively resistant to any change. A systems check is recommended once a year. In order to ensure proper efficiency, the modules should be hosed off two or three times a year. In residential systems, batteries, if used, will likely need replaced every 5 to 10 years.
When installing solar panels, a building permit is required.
http://www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/solar/en/faqs/resid_sys.htm#faq1
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